IgG antibodies to Tetanus toxoid are produced by the immune system following infection with C.tetani (in response to the presence of the toxin), or in response to immunisation with a Tetanus vaccine. The measurement of specific IgG antibodies to Tetanus toxoid pre-vaccination and post-vaccination is important in the assessment of the individual's ability to elicit an immune response to protein antigens. This assay may also be used to determine the immune status of the individual with respect to Tetanus infection. The measurement of specific antibodies is important in the investigation of primary immunodeficiency.

ELISA for quantitation of Tetanus toxoid IgG

Microwells are coated with Tetanus toxoid. 96 well kits are available to measure the specific IgG or the IgG1 levels in serum. The standard ELISA format enables easy automation of this assay.

* Research use only

For plasma screening and intravenous immunoglobulin production Tetanus toxoid IgG assays with higher measuring ranges are available.

A turbidimetric Tetanus toxoid assay is available on the SPAplus analyser

VaccZyme™ is a trademark of The Binding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham, UK

IgG antibodies to Diphtheria toxoid are produced by the immune system following infection with C.diphtheria (in response to the presence of the toxin), or in response to immunisation with a Tetanus vaccine. The measurement of specific IgG antibodies to Diphtheria toxoid pre-vaccination and post-vaccination is important in the assessment of the individual's ability to elicit an immune response to protein antigens. The measurement of specific antibodies is important in the investigation of primary immunodeficiency

This assay may also be used to determine the immune status of the individual with respect to Diphtheria infection.

ELISA for quantitation of Diphtheria toxoid IgG

Microwells are coated with Diphtheria toxoid and kits are available to measure the specific IgG levels in serum. The calibrator set supplied contains 7 ready to use calibrators enabling the user to extend the sensitivity of the assay to 0.004 IU/mL. The standard ELISA format allows easy automation of this assay.

VaccZyme™ is a trademark of The Binding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham, UK

IgG antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide (PCP) are produced by the immune system following infection with Streptococcus pnemoniae or in response to immunisation with the Pneumovax vaccine. The measurement of specific antibodies to PCP is important in the investigation of primary immunodeficiency.
Carbohydrate antigens, such as Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide (PCP) antigen present on Streptococcus pneumoniae, produce a thymus independent response predominantly of IgG2 subclass.

Failure to produce the appropriate specific antibody response or the production of functionally inactive antibodies may lead to recurrent infections in patients. These patients may present with clinical signs of immunodeficiency but with apparently normal, or even increased, IgG and IgG subclass concentrations. In such cases, antibodies against specific antigens should be measured in samples taken pre-immunisation and post-immunisation with an appropriate vaccine.

ELISA for quantitation of PCP

Microwells are coated with Pneumovax™ vaccine containing 23 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1-5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19F, 19A, 20, 22F, 23F and 33F (Danish nomenclature). These serotypes represent approximately 80% of commonly found virulent serotypes.

In approximately 30% of individuals the response to vaccination is attributable to C-polysaccharide (CPS) antibodies and not to specific anti-PCP antibodies. These C-polysaccharide antibodies confer limited protection against pneumococcal infection and therefore Binding Site assays incorporate CPS antibody absorption to remove them from the sample prior to testing.

Kits are available to measure the specific IgG or IgG2 levels in serum

* Research use only

Pneumovax™ is a trademark of Merck & Co, Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA.
VaccZyme™ is a trademark of The Binding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham, UK
 

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is an encapsulated bacterium which can cause a range of conditions including meningitis, septicaemia and pneumonia. Hib infections were a major cause of bacterial meningitis in children under the age of 5 until vaccinations with the protein-conjugated Hib vaccine were introduced.

The Hib vaccine is conjugated to a protein in order to elicit an immune response in healthy infants whose immune system is still developing. It is important to remember that a protein conjugated polysaccharide vaccine such as the Hib vaccine behaves physiologically like a protein antigen such as Tetanus toxoid.

This assay is therefore intended to measure the level of specific anti Hib total IgG in serum. Microwells are coated with the Hib capsular polysaccharide antigen conjugated to human serum albumin.

Description	Pack	Code
VaccZyme™ Hib IgG Range: 0.11 - 9.0  mg/L Sensitivity: 0.096 mg/L	96 test	MK016

VaccZyme™ is a trademark of The Binding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham, UK

IgG antibodies to Salmonella typhi Vi are produced by the immune system following infection with the bacteria or in response to immunisation with the Typhim Vi® vaccine. The VaccZyme™ S. typhi Vi assay is designed to measure specific IgG antibodies against the virulence factor (Vi) of Salmonella typhi present in human serum.

* For research use only

Typhim Vi^® is a registered trademark of Sanofi Pasteur SA, Lyon, France.
VaccZyme™ is a trademark of The Binding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham, UK.

IgG antibodies to Varicella Zoster Virus are produced by the immune system following natural infection with VZV or in response to immunisation with VZV vaccine. Accurate measurement of specific IgG antibodies to VZV is important clinically in determining immune status, in particular as an aid in the accurate determination of post vaccination immune status.

The aim of varicella vaccination is to prevent natural infection and the problematic and, in some cases, life threatening complications associated with the disease.¹ Several studies have demonstrated the tolerability and efficacy of varicella vaccine and, in general, the rate of seroconversion following vaccination is high.

Accurate determination of immune status amongst groups at high risk of suffering serious complications from varicella infection is essential. It allows immunocompromised individuals to avoid further, potentially unnecessary, drug administration. Determination of immune status in seronegative pregnant females exposed to VZV ensures the appropriate administration of varicella zoster immune globulin (VZIG). This is of great importance as infection with VZV during pregnancy has been associated with adverse foetal development and greater severity of disease in the mother.

• The VaccZyme™ VZV glycoprotein IgG Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA) measures only those antibodies which specifically recognise VZV glycoproteins. This offers greater specificity and physiological relevance than assays using extracts from VZV infected cultured cells as their capture antigen.
   
• In common with the reference standard fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) assay, the VaccZyme™ VZV glycoprotein IgG ELISA assay also measures antibodies specific to viral envelope glycoproteins but because it is fully quantitative and utilises a convenient ELISA format the Binding Site assay is sensitive, specific and easy to automate.

Microwells are coated with purified glycoprotein antigen.

Binding Site VaccZyme™ VZV assays are calibrated against the World Health Organisation's first international standard for VZV immunoglobulin (1987) code W1044, supplied by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), UK.

For Plasma Screening in the manufacture of therapeutic VZV hyperimmune products, a VZV glycoprotein IgG assay with a higher measuring range  is available.

VaccZyme™ is a trademark of The Binding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham UK.

1. Schmidt. S. The role of a glycoprotein-based ELISA in varicella vaccination programmes. Clinical Laboratory International April 2008;18-19