Dot Plot

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Logarithmic scale plot of absolute free kappa (κ) and free lambda (λ) concentrations in a group of normal patients and those with a variety of B cell dyscrasia. Calculation of the / ratio distinguishes elevated polyclonal immunoglobulin and renal impairment (κ/λ ratio is normal) from monoclonal gammopathies with an abnormal / ratio e.g. Lambda and Kappa BJ.